Presas capturadas e utilizadas na alimentação por Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera Vespidae)

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September - October 2006 707
SCIENTIFIC NOTE
Prey Captured and Used in Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera:
Vespidae) Nourishment
FÁBIO PREZOTO1, HELBA H. SANTOS-PREZOTO2, VERA L.L. MACHADO3 AND JOSÉ C. ZANUNCIO4
1Depto. Zoologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal – ICB, Univ.
Federal de Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário-Martelos, 36.036-900, Juiz de Fora, MG, fabio.prezoto@ufjf.edu.br
2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Univ. Federal de Juiz de
Fora, MG, helba.santos@ig.com.br
3Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP
4Depto. Entomologia, Univ. Federal de Viçosa, MG, zanuncio@ufv.br
Neotropical Entomology 35(5):707-709 (2006)
Presas Capturadas e Utilizadas na Alimentação por Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)
RESUMO - As vespas sociais são predadoras de muitas espécies de insetos e o estudo de suas presas
pode revelar seu potencial para programas de controle biológico de pragas. Foram realizadas 240h de
coleta de presas em 32 colônias de Polistes versicolor (Olivier) no município de Juiz de Fora, MG, de
março de 2000 a fevereiro de 2001. As presas capturadas por P. versicolor foram, principalmente, das
ordens Lepidoptera (95,4%) e Coleoptera (1,1%) além de 3,4% de indivíduos não identificados. A
espécie mais coletada foi Chlosyne lacinia saundersii Doubleday & Hewitson (13,5%) (Lepidoptera:
Nymphalidae) e o número total estimado de presas capturadas por colônia de P. versicolor foi de
4.015 indivíduos por ano. Isso mostra que a espécie pode ser utilizada em programas de manejo
integrado de pragas de insetos herbívoros, principalmente lagartas desfolhadoras.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Vespa social, atividade forrageadora, presa, controle biológico
ABSTRACT - The social wasps are predators of many insect species and the study of their preys can
reveal the potential of these natural enemies in biological control programs. A total of 240h of collections
of preys in 32 nests of Polistes versicolor (Olivier) was carried on in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais
State, Brazil, from March 2000 to February 2001. The preys captured by P. versicolor were mainly
those from the orders Lepidoptera (95.4%) and Coleoptera (1.1%) while 3.4% of them were not
identified. Chlosyne lacinia saundersii Doubleday & Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) was the
most collected prey (13.5%). The total of 4,015 preys was estimated to be captured per colony of P.
versicolor during one year. The species can be used in integrated pest management of herbivorous
insects, especially defoliating caterpillars.
KEY WORDS: Social wasp, foraging activity, prey, biological control
Foraging activity of social insects is considered one of
the most important behaviours for survival (Lima & Prezoto
2003). The activity involves the capacity of their workers
to interact with the environment and to collect resources
necessary to complete the development of their colony
(Wilson 1971). The materials collected by social wasps are
mainly water, carbohydrates, material to build their nests
and animal protein (Wilson 1971, Hunt et al. 1987). The
prey capture ability is the most complex behaviour of these
insects because it involves preys recognition, predation and
the capacity of returning to the nest (Wilson 1971, Ugolini
& Cannicci 1998).
Between 90% and 95% of the prey captured by Polybia
occidentallis (Olivier) (Gobbi et al. 1984), Polybia paulista
(Ihering) (Gobbi & Machado 1985), Polybia ignobilis
(Haliday) (Gobbi & Machado 1986), Agelaia pallipes
(Olivier) (Machado et al. 1987), Polistes simillimus Zikán
(Prezoto et al. 1994) and Polistes lanio (Fabricius) (Giannotti
et al. 1995) are Lepidoptera larvae.
In Carolina of the North, EUA, Rabb & Lawson (1957)
found a reduction of 68% in the damage caused by
Protoparce sexta (Cramer) in the culture of the tobacco, after
the introduction of colonies of the wasps Polistes exclamans
(L.) and Polistes fuscatus (Fabricius) in the proximities of
the farms infested by the pests.
The social wasp Polistes versicolor (Olivier) occurs from
708 Prezoto et al. - Prey Captured and Used in Polistes versicolor (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae...
the Amazon State to the Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil
and its nests are formed by one comb linked to the substratum
by a peduncle (Richards 1978).
The objective of this study was to survey the material
captured by the forager P. versicolor to nourish the
individuals of its colony aiming to better reveal the
importance of this natural enemy in tropical ecosystems.
Preys captured by P. versicolor were collected in 32
colonies of this wasp in Juiz de Fora (21º46’S 43º21’W,
altitude of 800 m), Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The wasps
returning from foraging activity were collected twice a week,
during 240h in different colonies from March 2000 to
February 2001 in the hottest hours of the day (10:30 a.m. to
2:30 p.m.). Wasps with prey were identified by their slow
flying speed and they were captured with entomological nets
where the preys carried were easily discharged. This material
was fixed in alcohol 70% for further identification under
stereomicroscopy.
A total of 89 preys were collected and they were mainly
larvae of Lepidotera (95.4%) and Coleoptera (1.1%) orders
while 3.4% of them were not identified (Table 1). Polybia
dimidiata (Olivier) (Campos-Farinha & Pinto 1996), P.
ignobilis (Silva et al. 1968, Gobbi & Machado 1986, Picanço
et al. 1988, Marques 1996), P. occidentallis (Gravena 1983,
Gobbi et al. 1984), P. paulista (Gobbi & Machado 1985,
Campos-Farinha & Pinto 1996, Marques 1996), and Polybia
sericea (Olivier) (Silva et al. 1968, Marques 1996) also
showed preference to collect Lepidoptera larvae. A detailed
survey about preys captured by Polistes annularis (L.) (Rabb
1960), P. fuscatus (Rabb 1960), P. exclamans (Rabb 1960),
P. simillimus (Prezoto et al. 1994) and P. lanio (Giannotti
et al. 1995) showed that these species collected mainly larvae
of Lepidoptera in cultivated areas near their nests. In Brazil,
the predatory potential of the wasps P. versicolor (Butignol
1992) and P. simillimus (Prezoto & Machado 1999) were
demonstrated by transferring their colonies to the proximity
of several cultures.
P. versicolor did not present specificity in relation to its
preys but a larger number of individuals of Chlosyne lacinia
saundersii Doubleday & Hewitson (Lepidoptera:
Nymphalidae) collected was observed (13.5%) although the
seasonality of prey captured was not studied. An average of
11 returns of the wasps of this species with preys was
registered per day in each colony. This shows that a colony
of P. versicolor can collect about 4,015 preys during one
year.
An adequate management of colonies of P. versicolor,
by transferring them to artificial shelters, may represent an
Table 1. Preys captured in 32 colonies of P. versicolor for 240h, of collection from March 2000 to February 2001 in the
Municipality of Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
List of preys Number Percentage
Lepidoptera
Pyralidae
Hedylepta indicata (Fabricius) 2 2.2
Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) 5 5.6
Unidentified 7 7.9
Noctuidae
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) 8 9.0
Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) 2 2.2
Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) 2 2.2
Unidentified 10 11.3
Nymphalidae
Chlosyne lacinia saundersii Doubleday & Hewitson 12 13.5
Unidentified 16 18.0
Saturniidae
Automeris sp. 3 3.4
Pieridae (unidentified) 1 1.1
Arctidae (unidentified) 1 1.1
Lyparidae (unidentified) 6 6.7
Unidentified 10 11.3
Coleoptera (unidentified) 1 1.1
Other unidentified individuals 3 3.4
September - October 2006 Neotropical Entomology 35(5) 709
efficient strategy to control pests and to reduce costs aiming
to restore the balance between the species in agricultural
ecosystems.
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Received 29/VII/05. Accepted 9/II/06.
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