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21/11/21, 13:09 Atividade de consolidação 04: Revisão da tentativa
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PAINEL > MINHAS TURMAS > 2021_2 - INGLES INSTRUMENTAL II - METATURMA > UNIDADES 2, 3 E 4
> ATIVIDADE DE CONSOLIDAÇÃO 04
Iniciado em sábado, 20 Nov 2021, 21:34
Estado Finalizada
Concluída em domingo, 21 Nov 2021, 13:09
Tempo
empregado
15 horas 34 minutos
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21/11/21, 13:09 Atividade de consolidação 04: Revisão da tentativa
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Questão 1
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
Tick the excerpts below that were taken from literature reviews:
Escolha uma ou mais:
a. Changes to the human dietary pattern over the past 200 years and the more recent emergence of the sedentary lifestyle, have led to
increased rates of obesity and chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Some of the most evident changes in the
human diet have been the replacement of high fibre, whole grain foods, fruit and vegetables with meat proteins and rapidly digested
carbohydrates (processed grains and added sugar).
b. The term ‘complementary and alternative medicine’(CAM) is defined by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative
Medicine(NCCAM) as ‘a group of diverse medical and health systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered
part of conventional medicine’(2009). (…) The aim of this paper is to examine research studies that report the prevalence of CAM
use by pregnant women. The review begins with an outline of the search strategy, followed by the results. Next is an overview of
the study characteristics, and a summary of the prevalence, motivation, information sources and disclosure of CAM use during
pregnancy. The discussion then considers the findings, and concludes with recommendations for midwifery practice.

c. Cultural diversity is increasing in Western societies (Lim et al., 2004; Tulman and Watts, 2008). Past research has identified that
people from culturally diverse backgrounds experience poorer health outcomes than their Anglo western counterparts due to
differences in their ability to access health services, including language and cultural barriers, and due to institutional racism where
organisations fail to provide culturally and linguistically appropriate services to people of different cultural backgrounds
(Johnstone and Kanitsaki, 2008; Narayanasamy and White, 2005).

d. To address the first guiding question, English journal articles published between January 1994 and January 2005 were sampled.
Inclusion criteria consisted of: (1) descriptive research articles including qualitative and quantitative designs, as well as theoretical
articles; and, (2) articles retrieved by a computer search under the five broad key terms preceptorship, preceptors, preceptor,
teaching and learning, and nursing.

e. The descriptive characteristics of the cases and controls are displayed in Table 1. Among suicide cases, 38 (0.40%) had been
diagnosed with PTSD, while 95 (0.05%) controls had received this diagnosis. As expected, suicide cases were primarily male (71%),
single (58%), and in the lowest income quartile (42%).
f. After selecting the relevant papers, a quality assessment was performed in accordance with the guidelines published by the
Center for Reviews and Discrimination and the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook as cited by Kitchenham et al. (i.e., each study was
assessed for bias, internal validity, and external validity) [48]. First, the study described in each paper was classified as either an
experiment or an observational study. Then, a set of quality criteria, focused on study design, bias, validity, and generalizability of
results, was used to evaluate quality of the study.

g. Nursing research aims to discover best nursing practices to promote and restore health and prevent disease, and behavioural and
environmental practices are important focuses of paediatric nursing care. A programme of research that focuses on best behavioural
interventions can provide paediatric nurses with evidence and confidence that intended outcomes will be achieved and in a timely
fashion.
As respostas corretas são: The term ‘complementary and alternative medicine’(CAM) is defined by the National Center for Complementary
and Alternative Medicine(NCCAM) as ‘a group of diverse medical and health systems, practices, and products that are not presently
considered part of conventional medicine’(2009). (…) The aim of this paper is to examine research studies that report the prevalence of CAM
use by pregnant women. The review begins with an outline of the search strategy, followed by the results. Next is an overview of the study
characteristics, and a summary of the prevalence, motivation, information sources and disclosure of CAM use during pregnancy. The
discussion then considers the findings, and concludes with recommendations for midwifery practice., Cultural diversity is increasing in
Western societies (Lim et al., 2004; Tulman and Watts, 2008). Past research has identified that people from culturally diverse backgrounds
experience poorer health outcomes than their Anglo western counterparts due to differences in their ability to access health services,
including language and cultural barriers, and due to institutional racism where organisations fail to provide culturally and linguistically
appropriate services to people of different cultural backgrounds (Johnstone and Kanitsaki, 2008; Narayanasamy and White, 2005)., To address
the first guiding question, English journal articles published between January 1994 and January 2005 were sampled. Inclusion criteria
consisted of: (1) descriptive research articles including qualitative and quantitative designs, as well as theoretical articles; and, (2) articles
retrieved by a computer search under the five broad key terms preceptorship, preceptors, preceptor, teaching and learning, and nursing.,
After selecting the relevant papers, a quality assessment was performed in accordance with the guidelines published by the Center for
Reviews and Discrimination and the Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook as cited by Kitchenham et al. (i.e., each study was assessed for bias,
internal validity, and external validity) [48]. First, the study described in each paper was classified as either an experiment or an observational
study. Then, a set of quality criteria, focused on study design, bias, validity, and generalizability of results, was used to evaluate quality of the
study.
21/11/21, 13:09 Atividade de consolidação 04: Revisão da tentativa
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Questão 2
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
In the following abstracts, decide which sentence (sentence numbers indicated in brackets):
 
 
Abstract 1
 
Television tip-overs: The Starship Children’s Hospital experience and
literature review
Jacques Marnewick a,*, Rangi Dansey b, Philip Morreau b, James Hamill b
a Department of General Surgery, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
b Department of Paediatric Surgery, Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
 
A B S T R A C T
Background: (1) Injuries sustained from television (TV) sets tipping over onto children are uncommon when compared to other forms of
trauma, but because of the weight of some TVs relative to the size of small children, severe and sometimes fatal injuries can result. (2) The
international literature is limited in describing this form of trauma and none is available for the Australasian region.
Aim: (3) The aims of the present paper are to describe the characteristics and immediate outcomes of children admitted to Starship Children’s
Hospital following TVtip-overs and review the international literature on this topic.
Methods: (4) Patients admitted to Starship Hospital were identified retrospectively from the Paediatric Trauma database, and the case notes
reviewed. Structured telephone interviews were then conducted with each of the families involved.
Results: (5) Over the 28-month period (June 2006–October 2008) reviewed, 13 children under 15 years of age were identified, with an almost
even sex distribution. 5 required admission to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). 9/13 sustained head injuries and 1 patient died from
their injuries. Mechanism of injury was in keeping with behaviour to be expected of toddlers. Parents and caregivers were unaware of the
dangers posed by TV sets and no precautions had been taken to prevent injury.
Conclusions: (6) The injuries sustained by children from TV tip-overs are often serious and most commonly involve the head and upper body.
This is a common finding in all papers reviewed, but numbers of patients studied are still limited. (7) There is a need for both education of
families and improvement in the design of TV sets, to prevent this form of trauma in the paediatric population.
identifies the field of study 
identifies the gap the author is investigating 
presents the study objective 
presents the study contribution to the issue 
indicates what should be done in future research. 
sentence 1
sentence 2
sentence 3
sentence 6
sentence 7
A resposta correta é: identifies the field of study → sentence 1, identifies the gap the author is investigating → sentence 2, presents the study
objective → sentence 3, presents the study contribution to the issue → sentence 6, indicates what should be done in future research. →
sentence 7.
21/11/21, 13:09 Atividade de consolidação 04: Revisão da tentativa
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Questão 3
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
Abstract 2
A systematic literature review to identify and classify software requirement errors
Gursimran Singh Walia a, Jeffrey C. Carver b,*
a Mississippi State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, 300 Butler Hall, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States
b University of Alabama, Computer Science, Box 870290, 101 Houser Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0290, United States
 
a b s t r a c t
(1) Most software quality research has focused on identifying faults (i.e., information is incorrectly recorded in an artifact). (2) Because
software still exhibits incorrect behavior, a different approach is needed. (3) This paper presents a systematic literature review to develop
taxonomy of errors (i.e., the sources of faults) that may occur during the requirements phase of software lifecycle. (4) This taxonomy is
designed to aid developers during the requirement inspection process and to improve overall software quality. (5) The review identified 149
papers from the software engineering, psychology and human cognition literature that provide information about the sources of
requirements faults. (6) A major result of this paper is a categorization of the sources of faults into a formal taxonomy that provides a starting
point for future research into error-based approaches to improving software quality.
identifies the field of study 
identifies the gap the author is investigating 
presents the study objective 
presents the study contribution to the issue 
sentence 1
sentence 2
sentence 3
sentence 6
A resposta correta é: identifies the field of study → sentence 1, identifies the gap the author is investigating → sentence 2, presents the study
objective → sentence 3, presents the study contribution to the issue → sentence 6.
21/11/21, 13:09 Atividade de consolidação 04: Revisão da tentativa
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Questão 4
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
Abstract 3
 
Thinking through Positive Psychology
John Chambers Christopher
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY
Frank C. Richardson
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS
Brent D. Slife
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
 
ABSTRACT
(1) Positive psychology offers a needed corrective to deficiencies in mainstream psychology. (2) However, there have been relatively few
attempts to systematically analyze and assess this movement. (3) This special issue examines the conceptual underpinnings and guiding
ideals of positive psychology. (4) Generally, these articles conclude that positive psychologists have not dealt adequately with the challenge
of rendering credible and illuminating accounts of human flourishing in a post-positivist era and in a pluralistic society. (5) The authors
suggest ways we might better meet this challenge, allowing us to discuss questions of human agency, character, and the good life despite
quite different views of them across historical eras and cultures.
 
 
 
identifies the field of study 
identifies the gap the author is investigating 
presents the study objective 
presents the study contribution to the issue 
indicates what should be done in future research 
sentence 1
sentence 2
sentence 3
sentence 5
sentence n/a
A resposta correta é: identifies the field of study → sentence 1, identifies the gap the author is investigating → sentence 2, presents the study
objective → sentence 3, presents the study contribution to the issue → sentence 5, indicates what should be done in future research →
sentence n/a.
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Questão 5
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
Match the parts of the abstract to the correct heading:
 
Abstract 1
Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre
prospective study
José Villar, senior fellow , Guillermo Carroli, director , Nelly Zavaleta, senior researcher , Allan Donner, professor , Daniel Wojdyla,
statistician , Anibal Faundes, professor , Alejandro Velazco, director , Vicente Bataglia, senior adviser , Ana Langer, president , Alberto
Narváez, senior researcher , Eliette Valladares, director , Archana Shah, scientist , Liana Campodónico, statistician , Mariana Romero,
senior investigator , Sofia Reynoso, investigator , Karla Simônia de Pádua, research coordinator , Daniel Giordano, computer analyst ,
Marius Kublickas, obstetrician-gynaecologist , Arnaldo Acosta, professor , World Health Organization 2005 Global Survey on Maternal and
Perinatal Health Research Group
BMJ  2007;335:1025 (17 November), doi:10.1136/bmj.39363.706956.55 (published 30 October 2007)
Maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with intrapartum or elective caesarean
delivery, adjusted for clinical, demographic, pregnancy, and institutional characteristics.

106 546 deliveries reported during the three month study period, with data available for 97 095 (91%
coverage).

To assess the risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery.

Caesarean delivery independently reduces overall risk in breech presentations and risk of intrapartum fetal
death in cephalic presentations but increases the risk of severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and
mortality in cephalic presentations. 
410 health facilities in 24 areas in eight randomly selected Latin American countries; 123 were randomly
selected and 120 participated and provided data

Prospective cohort study within the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health.

Women undergoing caesarean delivery had an increased risk of severe maternal morbidity compared with
women undergoing vaginal delivery (odds ratio 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 2.5) for intrapartum
caesarean and 2.3 (1.7 to 3.1) for elective caesarean). 
1 2 3 4
2 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 2
12 13 5 2
14 15
 
 
Main outcome measures
 Participants
 Objective
 
 Conclusions
 
 
Setting
 Design
 
 
 
Results
A resposta corretaé: Maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with intrapartum or elective caesarean delivery,
adjusted for clinical, demographic, pregnancy, and institutional characteristics. → Main outcome measures, 106 546 deliveries reported during
the three month study period, with data available for 97 095 (91% coverage). → Participants, To assess the risks and benefits associated with
caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery. → Objective, Caesarean delivery independently reduces overall risk in breech presentations
and risk of intrapartum fetal death in cephalic presentations but increases the risk of severe maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality in
cephalic presentations. → Conclusions, 410 health facilities in 24 areas in eight randomly selected Latin American countries; 123 were
randomly selected and 120 participated and provided data → Setting, Prospective cohort study within the 2005 WHO global survey on
maternal and perinatal health. → Design, Women undergoing caesarean delivery had an increased risk of severe maternal morbidity
compared with women undergoing vaginal delivery (odds ratio 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.6 to 2.5) for intrapartum caesarean and 2.3 (1.7
to 3.1) for elective caesarean). → Results.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Questão 6
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
Match the parts of the abstract to the correct heading:
 
Abstract 2
 
Improving cross-cultural care and antiracism in nursing education:
A literature review
Jacqui Allen *
 
School of Nursing, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
 
Current literature supports the effectiveness of cross-cultural teaching interventions in promoting cultural competence
and in facilitating attitudinal and belief changes in nursing students. The literature further suggests that racism persists in
some students following participation in cross-cultural education and that there is a paucity of theory, teaching
interventions and evaluations addressing antiracism.

Cross-cultural education alone is insufficient to combat racism. Cross-cultural education focused on both cultural
competence and antiracism is necessary to promote effective cultural care in nursing students.

To appraise through literature review the available research evidence to guide teaching and learning regarding cross-
cultural care for nursing students. Cross-cultural education of nurses with a focus on both culture and antiracism is one
way of promoting ethical and effective cross-cultural health systems for people from culturally diverse backgrounds.
Although cross-cultural care has long been recognised as necessary to nursing education there is no clear consensus
regarding how it is to be taught or which theoretical perspectives should underpin this teaching.

Findings
Conclusions
Purpose
A resposta correta é: Current literature supports the effectiveness of cross-cultural teaching interventions in promoting cultural competence
and in facilitating attitudinal and belief changes in nursing students. The literature further suggests that racism persists in some students
following participation in cross-cultural education and that there is a paucity of theory, teaching interventions and evaluations addressing
antiracism. → Findings, Cross-cultural education alone is insufficient to combat racism. Cross-cultural education focused on both cultural
competence and antiracism is necessary to promote effective cultural care in nursing students. → Conclusions, To appraise through literature
review the available research evidence to guide teaching and learning regarding cross-cultural care for nursing students. Cross-cultural
education of nurses with a focus on both culture and antiracism is one way of promoting ethical and effective cross-cultural health systems
for people from culturally diverse backgrounds. Although cross-cultural care has long been recognised as necessary to nursing education
there is no clear consensus regarding how it is to be taught or which theoretical perspectives should underpin this teaching. → Purpose.
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Questão 7
Correto
Atingiu 1,00 de 1,00
 
Match the parts of the abstract to the correct heading:
 
Abstract 3
Motivation in Software Engineering: A systematic literature review
Sarah Beecham a,*, Nathan Baddoo a, Tracy Hall a, Hugh Robinson b, Helen Sharp b
a School of Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
b Department of Computing, Faculty of Mathematics and Computing, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
A. The literature on motivation in Software Engineering presents a conflicting and partial picture of the area. It is clear
that motivation is context dependent and varies from one engineer to another. The most commonly cited motivator is the
job itself, yet we found very little work on what it is about that job that Software Engineers find motivating. (…) Overall,
our findings indicate that there is no clear understanding of the Software Engineers’ job, what motivates Software
Engineers, how they are motivated, or the outcome and benefits of motivating Software Engineers.

B. We perform a systematic literature review of peer reviewed published studies that focus on motivation in Software
Engineering. Systematic reviews are well established in medical research and are used to systematically analyse the
literature addressing specific research questions. 
C. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of motivation in Software Engineering. The objective of this
review is to plot the landscape of current reported knowledge in terms of what motivates developers, what de-motivates
them and how existing models address motivation. 
D. We found 92 papers related to motivation in Software Engineering. Fifty-six percent of the studies reported that
Software Engineers are distinguishable from other occupational groups. Our findings suggest that Software Engineers are
likely to be motivated
according to three related factors: their ‘characteristics’ (for example, their need for variety); internal ‘controls’ (for
example, their personality) and external ‘moderators’ (for example, their career stage). The literature indicates that de-
motivated engineers may leave the organisation or take more sick-leave, while motivated engineers will increase their
productivity and remain longer in the organisation. (…)

Conclusions
Methods
Objective
Results
A resposta correta é: A. The literature on motivation in Software Engineering presents a conflicting and partial picture of the area. It is clear
that motivation is context dependent and varies from one engineer to another. The most commonly cited motivator is the job itself, yet we
found very little work on what it is about that job that Software Engineers find motivating. (…) Overall, 
our findings indicate that there is no clear understanding of the Software Engineers’ job, what motivates Software Engineers, how they are
motivated, or the outcome and benefits of motivating Software Engineers. → Conclusions, B. We perform a systematic literature review of
peer reviewed published studies that focus on motivation in Software Engineering. Systematic reviews are well established in medical
research and are used to systematically analyse the literature addressing specific research questions. → Methods, C. In this paper, we present
a systematic literature review of motivation in Software Engineering. The objective of this review is to plot the landscape of current reported
knowledge in terms of what motivates developers, what de-motivates them and how existing models address motivation. → Objective, D. Wefound 92 papers related to motivation in Software Engineering. Fifty-six percent of the studies reported that Software Engineers are
distinguishable from other occupational groups. Our findings suggest that Software Engineers are likely to be motivated 
according to three related factors: their ‘characteristics’ (for example, their need for variety); internal ‘controls’ (for example, their personality)
and external ‘moderators’ (for example, their career stage). The literature indicates that de-motivated engineers may leave the organisation or
take more sick-leave, while motivated engineers will increase their productivity and remain longer in the organisation. (…) → Results.
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